Development of Green and Efficient Extraction Methods of Quercetin from Red Onion Scales Wastes Using Factorial Design for Method Optimization: A Comparative Study

Waste resulting from edible plants is considered one of the best sources valuable phytochemicals. A promising approach for using these appreciated wastes extracting precious medically important constituents, example, free quercetin. Two new cost-effective and green extraction methods are introduced in present study: ultrasound-assisted glycerol (UAGE) microwave-assisted (MAE). These protocols optimized factorial design to define highest yield extraction, HPLC-UV at 370 nm was used as a method analysis. Quercetin remained stable during whole process both protocols. standard addition technique performed quantify quercetin different extracts eliminate matrix effect. In UAGE MAE, yields were 16.55 ± 0.81 27.20 1.55 mg/1g red onion scales on dry base, respectively. The amount extracted MAE superior terms time yield. greenness assessment offered studies compared previously published relevant analytical eco-scale (ESA) national environmental index (NEMI). showed be greener with higher ESA score NEMI pictogram.